Frosty landscape captured at Mars' South Pole

A closer examination of the left side of the image reveals dark areas where the carbon dioxide ice has sublimated - transitioning directly from a solid to vapor. Sunlight penetrating the semi-transparent upper layers of ice warms the surface beneath, triggering the sublimation of the lower ice layers. This process generates pockets of pressurized gas that eventually crack through the overlying ice, releasing bursts of gas and dust.

These eruptions create striking fan-shaped patterns of dark material deposited on the surface, shaped by prevailing winds. These fans can vary greatly in size, stretching from tens to hundreds of meters. They also follow the intricate boundaries of Mars' seasonal layered ice deposits, clearly visible on the left side of the image.

The image, a composite of data captured by Mars Express's High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on June 16, 2022, provides a detailed view of the planet's surface. Taken during orbit 23324, it combines nadir and color channel data, delivering a resolution of approximately 15 meters per pixel. The scene is centered at 239E and 84S, with north oriented to the right.

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